The handling of brush and ink is highly refined and the coloring beautiful, making this the finest of all the "Up the River During Qingming" scrolls in the National Palace Museum collection. Western-style architecture is also evident. In particular, Forbes’ work, The lake as a microcosm (see Figure 1.1), made a big impact because it highlighted the fact that lakes formed a microcosm in which all elemental forces are at play and the life forms constitute an interrelated complex (Forbes, 1887, p. Such a point of view pre supposes that each lake can in fact be treated as at least a partly isolated system. HUTCHINSON The great intellectual fascination of limnology lies in the comparative study of a great number of systems, each having some resemblance to the others and also many differences. The architectural elements accord with the rules of perspective, and the buildings and streets are all laid out in an orderly fashion, the use of proportion and distance likewise meticulously handled with great precision. Junge (1885) and Forbes (1887) were the rst to treat a lake as a microcosm. THE LACUSTRINE MICROCOSM RECONSIDERED By G. In addition to the bustling figures and packed shops, there are also untrammeled literati garden settings and a magnificent imperial garden, creating for a fascinating and visually pleasing atmosphere that makes this painting a microcosm of life in China at the time. The figural scenes are especially numerous and detailed, making this painting stand out among the various versions of "Up the River During Qingming." This scroll can be divided into several major parts, including the rustic setting at the beginning (on the right), arched bridge and market, city wall and surroundings, and Lake Jinming. This handscroll represents a collaborative effort on the part of five Painting Academy artists active in the eighteenth century at the Qing court of the Qianlong emperor. The Qing Court Artists, Qing dynasty Up the River During the Qingming Handscroll, ink and color on silk, 35.6×1152.8 cm
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